Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Cadmium (Cd) pollution was becoming more and more serious; there is an urgent need for an effective solution to inhibit the harm of cadmium stress. Chitosan... 相似文献
Cloned pig fetuses produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer show a high incidence of erroneous development in the uteri of surrogate mothers. The mechanisms underlying the abnormal intrauterine development of cloned pig fetuses are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the potential causes of the aberrant development of cloned pig fetuses. The levels of numerous fatty acids in allantoic ?uid and muscle tissue were lower in cloned pig fetuses than in artificial insemination‐generated pig fetuses, thereby suggesting that cloned pig fetuses underwent fatty acid deficiency. Cloned pig fetuses also displayed trophoblast hypoplasia and a reduced expression of placental fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), which is the predominant FATP family member expressed in porcine placentas. This result suggested that the placental fatty acid transport functions were impaired in cloned pig fetuses, possibly causing fatty acid deficiency in cloned pig fetuses. The present study provides useful information in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the abnormal development of cloned pig fetuses. 相似文献
During the induction process of an in vitro callus culture of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae), the levels of two benzylisoquinoline alkaloids known as berberine and sanguinarine displayed opposing trends. While the berberine levels steadily decreased from the initial explant stage up to the early proliferation of unorganized parenchymatous cell masses, the sanguinarine content increased. Once the callus culture was established, sanguinarine was the primary alkaloid present and berberine could no longer be detected. However, upon shoot regeneration, the berberine accumulation recovered, but sanguinarine was found in the newly formed leafy tissue. After root formation, sanguinarine was relocated to this organ, whereas berberine was evenly distributed between both tissues. Explants from stem internodes did not form callus, and berberine—plus sanguinarine—containing axillary shoots emerged from lateral buds in the induction medium. In contrast to callus-derived shoots, no root formation was observed. Therefore, alkaloid synthesis in A. mexicana in vitro cultures is related to the level of tissue organization in different ways, and while berberine accumulation seems to require the presence of differentiated organs, this is not the case for sanguinarine. Moreover, leafy parts of rootless shoots acquired the capacity to accumulate sanguinarine, which is usually absent in aerial tissues of mature plants. However, when these shoots were rooted, sanguinarine was mainly located in the newly formed roots, while berberine was detected in the shoots at similar levels found in the roots.
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) exist and are often grouped into categories according to their functional mechanism and effect on human health. In this study, six types of PPCPs were detected and characterized in the drinking water of Shanghai, covering 35 water treatment plants. The PPCPs concentrations were ranged from 2.57 ng/L to 19.4 ng/L and over 10 ng/L in nearly half of the samples. Hormones, blockers, and veterinary drugs were considered to contribute negligibly to the overall pollution from PPCPs for their low concentrations. However, dicyclohexylamine and psycholeptics were detected in all samples, with a maximum concentration of 11.8 ng/L, 7.82 ng/L, and 9.07 ng/L for dicyclohexylamine, sertraline, and sulpiride, respectively. In addition, high toxicity antitumor drug cyclophosphamide was detected in one-third of the samples and the highest concentration was 3.72 ng/L.
In all, the four PPCPs evaluated accounted for over 80% of the detected PPCPs levels. Therefore, it was determined that the major PPCPs are contributing to water pollution in the region. While these compounds do not pose a potential human health risk at their present levels, close attention should be paid to the use of these PPCPs and their discharge into drinking water source. 相似文献
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology - Extremely thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeota belonging to the order Sulfolobales, such as Metallosphaera sedula, are metabolically versatile... 相似文献
Quercus wutaishansea populations on the Loess Plateau are currently becoming more dominant in natural secondary forests, whereas Pinus tabulaeformis is declining. In the present paper, the diameter class (instead of age) was used to classify the different growth stages as juvenile, subadult, or adult, and the univariate function g(r) was used to analyze the dynamic changes in spatial patterns and interspecific associations in three 1‐ha tree permanent plots on the Loess Plateau, NW China. Our results suggested that the niche breadth changed with the development stage. The diameter distribution curve was consistent with the inverted “J” type, indicating that natural regeneration was common in all three plots. There was a close relationship between the spatial pattern and scale, which showed significant aggregation at small distances, and became more random as distance increased, but in the Pinus + Quercus mixed forests, the whole species were aggregated at distances up to 50 m. The degree of spatial clumping decreased from juvenile to subadult and from subadult to adult. The spatial pattern also differed at different growth stages, likely due to strong intraspecific competition. Associations among different growth stages were positively correlated at small scales. Our study is important to the understanding of the development of the Q. wutaishansea forests; thus, the spatial dynamic change features should be received greater attention when planning forest management and developing restoration strategies on the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
Flower bud differentiation is a key component of plant blooming biology and understanding how it works is vital
for flowering regulation and plant genetic breeding, increasing the number and quality of flowering. Red soil is the
most widely covered soil type in the world, and it is also the most suitable soil type for crape myrtle planting. The
flower buds of crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) planted in red soil were employed as experimental materials in
this study, and the distinct periods of differentiation were identified using stereomicroscopy and paraffin sectioning. We optimized the steps of dehydration, transparency, embedding, sectioning and staining when employing
paraffin sections. When seen under a microscope, this optimization can make the cell structure of paraffin sections obvious, the tissue structure complete, and the staining clear and natural. The flower bud differentiation
process is divided into 7 periods based on anatomical observations of the external morphology and internal structure during flower bud differentiation: undifferentiated period, start of differentiation period, inflorescence differentiation period, calyx differentiation period, petal differentiation period, stamen differentiation period, and pistil
differentiation period. The differentiation time is concentrated from the end of May to mid-June. Crape myrtle
flower bud differentiation is a complicated process, and the specific regulatory mechanism and affecting elements
need to be investigated further. 相似文献
A variety of smooth muscle-specific genes and proteins, including SMAD3, BMPR-II, and MRTF, are involved in airway remodeling in asthma. As a receptor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, BMPR-II has important roles in airway remodeling in asthma. However, the underlying mechanism of BMPR-II in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in asthma remains incomplete.
Methods
Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with ovalbumin antigen suspension and aluminium hydroxide and, stimulated with ovalbumin nebulized inhalation to constructed asthma model. Primary ASMCs were isolated with collagenase I and identified by testing the α-SMA expression. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot assay were employed to detect the gene expression. CCK8, Transwell and Fluo-4 A assays were introduced to measure the cell viability, migration and intracellular Ca2+. Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was applied to test the interaction among proteins.
Results
First, we observed significant increases in BMPR-II in asthmatic rat model and ASMCs at both the mRNA and protein levels. Second, we observed that silencing of siBMPR-II inhibited proliferation, migratory capacity and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in ASMCs. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that siBMPR-II inhibited the Smad3 expression and overexpression promoted the bioactivity of ASMCs. In addition, this study showed that p-Smad3 could interacted with MRTF and siMRTF inhibits the bioactivity of ASMCs. Finally, our results revealed BMPR-II-SMAD3/MRTF pathway affected the bioactivity of ASMCs.
Conclusions
This study indicates that the BMPR-II-SMAD3/MRTF signaling pathway is involved in the process of ASMCs remodeling, providing novel avenues for the identification of new therapeutic modalities.